<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Introduction: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> Selenium is an open-source automated testing framework widely used for web application testing. Its popularity is primarily due to its ease of use, robustness, and compatibility with various programming languages. With each new release, Selenium introduces exciting features and improvements, and Selenium 4 is no exception. In this article, we’ll explore the new features and enhancements included in Selenium 4 and how they can benefit test automation engineers. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> WebDriver W3C Standardization: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> One of the major highlights of Selenium 4 is the completion of the WebDriver W3C standardization project. WebDriver is a critical component of Selenium that allows developers to interact with web browsers. With the W3C standardization, Selenium’s WebDriver API is now more stable, consistent, and compatible across different browser vendors. This standardization ensures better browser compatibility and reduces the effort needed for browser-specific code modifications. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> New Architecture: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> Selenium 4 introduces a new architecture known as the Selenium Grid. This new architecture ensures better stability, scalability, and performance while executing tests in parallel across multiple environments. The Selenium Grid provides built-in support for distributed testing, allowing test automation engineers to distribute test executions across different machines and browsers, optimizing test runs. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Improved Selenium Grid Console: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> The new Selenium Grid Console in Selenium 4 offers an intuitive and user-friendly web-based interface to manage and monitor the execution of tests. This console provides detailed information about the test nodes, browser configurations, and executed tests, allowing testers to easily troubleshoot issues and analyze test results. The enhanced monitoring capabilities of the Selenium Grid Console simplify the management of parallel test executions, making it easier to identify and resolve any bottlenecks in the testing infrastructure. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Native Support for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge Browsers: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> Selenium 4 provides native support for the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, and Edge browsers. This ensures seamless integration with the latest browser features and updates, allowing test automation engineers to leverage new browser capabilities for their tests. The native support also eliminates the need for additional browser-specific drivers, simplifying the test setup and maintenance process. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Relative Locators: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> In Selenium 4, relative locators have been introduced, making it easier to locate web elements based on their proximity to other elements. Relative locators enable test automation engineers to identify elements relative to other elements, such as finding an element above, below, to the left, or to the right of a reference element. This feature enhances test stability and reduces the likelihood of test failures due to minor changes in the application’s layout or structure. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Standalone Selenium IDE: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> Selenium 4 includes an upgraded version of Selenium IDE, a popular record-and-playback tool for creating and executing tests without writing code. The new Selenium IDE offers a host of new features, including improved user interface, support for parallel test execution, and enhanced extensibility options. The upgraded Selenium IDE is a valuable addition for users who prefer a no-code or low-code approach to test automation. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Integration with DevTools Protocol: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> Selenium 4 introduces seamless integration with the DevTools Protocol, enabling test automation engineers to access. The integration with DevTools Protocol provides enhanced debugging capabilities, improved performance measurement, and more granular control over the browser’s behavior. This feature allows developers to use Selenium for more advanced scenarios.</span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Extended W3C Actions API: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> The Actions API in Selenium 4 has been extended to support advanced interactions with web elements. The new API offers a broader range of actions, such as multi-touch actions, drag and drop, and native input events. The extended Actions API simplifies the automation of complex user interactions that heavily rely on JavaScript events and animations. </span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Java 8 Support and Updated Language Bindings: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-style: normal;"> Selenium 4 extends its support to Java 8, allowing test automation engineers to leverage the latest language features and libraries. The updated language bindings for Java, along with the other supported programming languages, provide improved flexibility and ease of use.</span></p>
<h2 style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Conclusion: </span></h2>
<p style="margin: 0; color: #000000; font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Arial'; line-height: 1.1500000000000001; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-align: left; padding: 0pt 0 10pt 0;">Selenium 4 introduces several exciting new features and improvements that enhance the capabilities and usability of the framework, catering to<a href="https://cloudastra.co/blogs/business-efficiency-through-data-analytics-and-automation"> Data Analytics And Automation</a> needs. The completion of the WebDriver W3C standardization project are significant milestones in Selenium. Additionally, the introduction of relative locators offer new possibilities for enhanced analytics and streamlined automation processes. With these advancements, Selenium 4 ensures better compatibility and performance.</p>
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New In Selenium 4: The Ultimate Guide For Test Automation Engineers